LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Talking to real people · Sep 15, 2026

How to say "haircut" in Japanese: 切きる, 刈かる, 剃そる and the sentence that means you did it yourself

Japanese splits "cut your hair" across three verbs — 切きる (cut with scissors), 刈かる (clip short with a machine), 剃そる (shave with a blade) — and there is a fourth problem on top: 髪かみを切きりました literally says *you* cut it. The natural way to say you got a haircut is 髪かみを切きってもらいました.

This is a small conversation that comes up constantly, because hair is the safest small talk there is and someone will notice you had it cut within a week of arriving. It is also a good illustration of a bigger habit in Japanese: the language cares about who did the action far more than English does.

The basics

The three verbs

Verb Reading What it does
切きる きる Cut, with scissors. The general one.
刈かる かる Clip or crop short, usually with clippers. Also used for grass.
剃そる そる Shave, with a blade. Skin-level.
そろえる そろえる Trim to even it up
すく すく Thin out, take weight out

髪かみを切きりました。 — I cut my hair. (literally: you did the cutting yourself) ひげを剃そりました。 — I shaved. (a blade, on the face) 短みじかく刈かりました。 — I had it clipped short. (clippers, a crop)

刈かる is worth noticing because it is also the verb for mowing a lawn (草くさを刈かる). The image is "cut down close to the surface", which is exactly what a clipper does.

Why 髪かみを切きりました is usually wrong

Japanese does not blur the line between doing something and having it done for you. 髪かみを切きりました states that you performed the cut. If a barber did it, the natural sentence is:

髪かみを切きってもらいました。 — I got my hair cut. (literally: I received the favour of having it cut) 美容院びよういんで髪かみを切きってもらいました。 — I got my hair cut at the salon. (polite, the standard sentence)

〜てもらう marks that someone did the action for your benefit. It is the same structure covered in あげる・くれる・もらう, and this is one of the most common everyday places it shows up.

In practice, native speakers do sometimes say 髪かみを切きった about a salon visit, the way English speakers say "I cut my hair" when they mean a barber did it. But the てもらう version is the one that is never ambiguous, and it is the one that sounds like a fluent speaker rather than a translated one.

Where do you go?

  • 美容院びよういん (びよういん) — hair salon, used by everyone.
  • 美容びよう室しつ (びようしつ) — the same thing; both signs exist.
  • 床屋とこや (とこや) — barber, casual word.
  • 理容りよう室しつ (りようしつ) — barber, the formal word on the sign.

One trap worth memorising: 美容院びよういん (びよういん, salon) and 病院びょういん (びょういん, hospital) differ by one small sound. びよういん has four beats, びょういん has three. Getting it wrong produces a genuinely funny sentence, and it is a good drill for the small ょ.

Beyond the basics

What do you actually say in the chair?

The staff will ask 今日きょうはどうされますか ("what are we doing today?"). These cover most answers:

全体的ぜんたいてきに短みじかくしてください。 — Please make it shorter overall. (polite) 2センチくらい切きってください。 — Please cut about two centimetres. (polite; giving a number is the clearest option) 毛先けさきをそろえるだけでお願ねがいします。 — Just a trim on the ends, please. (polite) 軽かるくしてください。 — Please thin it out / take some weight out. (polite — 軽かるく literally "lightly") 前髪まえがみは眉毛まゆげの上うえでお願ねがいします。 — Bangs above the eyebrows, please. (polite)

Two more that save the appointment:

  • このままでお願ねがいします — "same as it is now, please" (a maintenance cut).
  • 写真しゃしんを見みせてもいいですか — "may I show you a photo?" Showing a picture is completely normal and removes every vocabulary problem at once.

The words for the parts

Word Reading Meaning
髪かみ / 髪の毛かみのけ かみ / かみのけ hair (on the head)
前髪まえがみ まえがみ bangs, fringe
毛先けさき けさき the ends
襟足えりあし えりあし nape, back hairline
もみあげ — sideburns
ひげ — facial hair generally
枝毛えだげ えだげ split ends

ひげ covers beard, moustache and stubble as one word; if you need to be specific, 口くちひげ (moustache), あごひげ (beard) and ほおひげ (cheek/side) exist.

ひげ and はげ

These two are one vowel apart and mean very different things: ひげ is facial hair, はげ is baldness. Saying はげを剃そりました instead of ひげを剃そりました turns a routine sentence into something else entirely.

The general point is worth more than the joke: Japanese has a lot of short words separated by a single vowel or by vowel length, which is why pronunciation length is not a detail you can leave for later. おじさん and おじいさん are the textbook version of the same problem.

Colour, perms and the rest

  • カラー or 染そめる (そめる) — to dye. 髪かみを染そめました.
  • パーマをかける — to get a perm. The verb is かける, not する.
  • ブリーチ — bleach.
  • セット — styling.
  • 伸のばす (のばす) — to grow it out. 髪かみを伸のばしています ("I'm growing my hair out").

髪かみを伸のばしているので、毛先けさきだけお願ねがいします。 — I'm growing my hair out, so just the ends please. (polite — the single most useful sentence if you are between lengths)

Talking about someone else's haircut

The safe compliment is short and about the change, not the person:

髪かみ、切きりましたか。似合にあいますね。 — Did you get your hair cut? It suits you. (polite, warm, standard)

似合にあう ("to suit someone") is the verb you want. 可愛かわい and かっこいい are fine with friends but can land oddly at work; 似合にあいますね is safe with anyone.

Common mistakes

  • Saying 髪かみを切きりました about a salon visit. Understandable, but it literally says you did it. 切きってもらいました is the clear version.
  • Using 切きる for shaving. ひげを切きる is scissors on a beard. A razor is 剃そる.
  • Mixing up 美容院びよういん and 病院びょういん. Four beats versus three. Worth drilling once.
  • Saying はげ when you mean ひげ. One vowel, completely different sentence.
  • パーマをする. The verb is かける: パーマをかける.
  • Describing a style in adjectives instead of numbers or a photo. 短みじかく is vague; 2センチ or a photo is not.

Practice

Say each answer out loud first. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: the same event, two very different claims.

1. Translate: 髪かみを切きりました。

Show answer

I cut my hair (myself) — the sentence says you performed the action. Grammatically fine, factually usually wrong.

2. Translate: 髪かみを切きってもらいました。

Show answer

I got my hair cut — 〜てもらう marks that someone did it for you. This is the natural sentence after a salon visit.

3. Which verb do you use for shaving with a razor?

Show answer

剃そる (そる) — ひげを剃そる. 切きる is scissors; 剃そる is a blade at skin level.

4. What does 刈かる mean, and what else is it used for?

Show answer

To clip or crop short — also to mow grass — 草くさを刈かる. The image is cutting down close to the surface.

5. Ask for about two centimetres off.

Show answer

2センチくらい切きってください — a number is the clearest instruction you can give, and it needs almost no vocabulary.

6. Ask for just a trim on the ends.

Show answer

毛先けさきをそろえるだけでお願ねがいします — そろえる is "even up", 毛先けさき is the ends.

7. What is the difference between 美容院びよういん and 病院びょういん?

Show answer

びよういん (4 beats) is a hair salon; びょういん (3 beats) is a hospital — the small ょ is the whole difference.

8. Say you are growing your hair out.

Show answer

髪かみを伸のばしています — 伸のばす, in the ている form because it is an ongoing state.

9. Fix this: パーマをしました。

Show answer

パーマをかけました — perms take かける. This is a fixed verb–noun pairing, like 風邪かぜをひく.

10. A colleague has had their hair cut. Say something safe and friendly.

Show answer

髪かみ、切きりましたか。似合にあいますね。 — 似合にあう ("it suits you") is the compliment that works with anyone, including at work.

FAQ

Do I need to speak Japanese to get a haircut in Japan? Not really. A photo plus 2センチくらい切きってください or このままでお願ねがいします covers most appointments. Salons in bigger cities are used to visitors and many take reservations online.

Is tipping expected at a salon? No. Tipping is not customary in Japan, at salons or anywhere else, and it is not a case of politely declining — the system simply does not include it.

What is the difference between 美容院びよういん and 床屋とこや? 床屋とこや (barber) traditionally serves men and offers a shave; 美容院びよういん (salon) serves everyone and focuses on cutting, colouring and styling. The distinction is softer than it used to be, and many men book salons.

How do I say I want it "the same as last time"? 前回ぜんかいと同おなじでお願ねがいします. If you go back to the same stylist, this is the most efficient sentence in the language.

Why is 〜てもらう used so much in Japanese? Because Japanese tracks who benefits from an action. Getting something done for you is grammatically marked rather than implied, which is why it appears in everyday sentences where English uses a plain past tense.

Can I just say 髪かみを切きった like native speakers do? Yes, in casual conversation — people do. But if you are still building the habit, 切きってもらった is worth saying deliberately, because the てもらう pattern transfers to dozens of other situations: 教おしえてもらう, 直なおしてもらう, 手伝てつだってもらう.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

切る	きる — to cut (with scissors)
刈る	かる — to clip short; to mow
剃る	そる — to shave
そろえる	そろえる — to trim even
すく	すく — to thin out (hair)
髪	かみ — hair
前髪	まえがみ — bangs, fringe
毛先	けさき — the ends of the hair
襟足	えりあし — nape hairline
ひげ	ひげ — facial hair
美容院	びよういん — hair salon
床屋	とこや — barber
病院	びょういん — hospital
染める	そめる — to dye
伸ばす	のばす — to grow out, extend
似合う	にあう — to suit (someone)
眉毛	まゆげ — eyebrow
枝毛	えだげ — split ends

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. Sorting out 切きる, 刈かる and 剃そる is the kind of thing that eats ten minutes of a lesson — it looks like trivia until you are in the chair and the only sentence you have is the one that says you did it yourself.

Book a trial lesson · $13

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4

Want to try this in a real conversation?

30-minute trial lesson, $13. Times shown in your own timezone.

Book a trial lesson · $13