LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 13, 2026

そうです has two meanings: "it looks like" and "I heard

There are two completely separate そう in Japanese: one says "it looks like it's about to," the other says "I heard that." They are told apart by what shape the word in front takes — not by context, and not by tone.

雨あめが降おりそうです。 — It looks like it's going to rain. (I'm looking at the sky) 雨あめが降ふるそうです。 — I hear it's going to rain. (someone told me)

One syllable apart. Different evidence, different meaning, and no way to recover if you pick the wrong one. This is one of the few places in Japanese grammar where a small slip produces a sentence that is fully grammatical and simply says something you did not mean.

The basics

The first そう: "it looks like"

This one reports what your eyes are telling you. You are looking at something and making a guess from its appearance.

How to attach it:

Word type Rule Example
Verb ます-stem + そう 降ふる → 降おりそう
い-adjective drop い + そう おいしい → おいしそう
な-adjective attach directly 元気げんき → 元気げんきそう
いい irregular → よさそう
ない irregular → なさそう

おいしそうですね。 — That looks delicious. (you haven't tasted it yet) この本ほん、難むずかしそう。 — This book looks hard. (casual, judging by the cover) 元気げんきそうですね。 — You look well. (polite, a normal greeting to someone you haven't seen in a while)

With verbs it usually means "about to happen" rather than "appears to be":

雨あめが降おりそうです。 — It looks like it's about to rain. 泣なきそう。 — I'm about to cry. (casual)

This そう behaves like a な-adjective afterwards, which is the second thing to learn about it:

おいしそうな料理りょうり。 — Food that looks delicious. (before a noun: そうな) おいしそうに食たべる。 — To eat as if it's delicious. (before a verb: そうに)

The second そう: "I heard"

This one reports information you received. You are not guessing — you are passing something on.

How to attach it: take the plain form of the sentence, in any tense, and add そうです. Nothing changes shape.

Word type Example
Verb 降ふる → 降ふるそうです
Verb, past 降ふった → 降ふったそうです
い-adjective 高たかい → 高たかいそうです
な-adjective 静しずかだ → 静しずかだそうです
Noun 学生がくせいだ → 学生がくせいだそうです

田中たなかさんは来こないそうです。 — I hear Tanaka isn't coming. あの店みせは高たかいそうです。 — I hear that shop is expensive. 天気予報てんきよほうによると、明日あしたは雪ゆきだそうです。 — According to the forecast, tomorrow will be snow.

Notice that な-adjectives and nouns keep their だ here. 静しずかだそうです, 学生がくせいだそうです. That だ is exactly what tells you this is the hearsay そう — the plain form is the giveaway.

And unlike the first そう, this one never conjugates. There is no 〜そうな料理りょうり meaning "food I heard about," and no 〜そうに. If you see そうな or そうに, it is always the "looks like" そう.

The one test that separates them

Look at the word immediately in front of そう and ask what shape it is in.

In front of そう Which そう Meaning
ます-stem (降おり, 食たべ, 泣なき) Appearance about to / looks like
Plain form (降ふる, 食たべる, 泣なく) Hearsay I heard
い-adjective without い (高たか, おいし) Appearance looks
い-adjective with い (高たかい, おいしい) Hearsay I heard
Noun / な-adj with だ (学生がくせいだ, 静しずかだ) Hearsay I heard
Noun / な-adj without だ (元気げんき, 静しずか) Appearance looks

That is the entire distinction. It is mechanical, and once you can see it, the two stop blending together.

Beyond the basics

Why is it よさそう and not いいそう?

いい is irregular almost everywhere in Japanese, and this is one of those places. The old form よい is what actually conjugates, so:

この店みせ、よさそうですね。 — This shop looks good. 時間じかんがなさそうです。 — It looks like there's no time.

ない follows the same pattern for the same reason: なさそう, not なそう. If you say いいそうです, a listener will parse it as hearsay — "I heard it's good" — which may not be what you meant.

How do you make the "looks like" version negative?

Three options, and they are not interchangeable.

おいしくなさそう。 — It doesn't look tasty. (negative adjective + そう) 雨あめは降おりそうにない。 — It doesn't look like it will rain. (そうにない — the standard negative for verbs) 間に合まにあいそうもない。 — There's no way we'll make it in time. (そうもない — stronger, more resigned)

For verbs, 降ふらなそう exists in casual speech but 降おりそうにない is the form to produce. For adjectives, move the negative into the adjective itself: おいしくなさそう, not おいしそうじゃない — that last one means "it doesn't appear delicious" in a much narrower, odder sense.

When can you not use the "looks like" そう?

When the quality is directly visible. そう is for inference about something you cannot see straight on.

✗ このりんごは赤あかそうです。 。○ このりんごは赤あかいです。 — This apple is red.

Redness is not an inference — it is right there. Tastiness, difficulty, health, weight, expense: those are all inferred from appearance, so they take そう. Colour, shape, and size do not.

What about ようだ, みたい and らしい?

They overlap, and the differences are about where your evidence comes from:

Form Evidence Example
〜そう (appearance) What it looks like right now 雨あめが降おりそう
〜ようだ Reasoning from several clues 雨あめが降ふったようだ (the ground is wet)
〜みたい Same as ようだ, casual 雨あめが降ふったみたい
〜らしい Hearsay or reputation 雨あめが降ふるらしい
〜そうだ (hearsay) A specific report you received 天気予報てんきよほうによると雨あめが降ふるそうだ

らしい and hearsay そうだ are close. The difference is commitment: そうだ passes on a specific source faithfully, らしい is vaguer — "apparently," "from what I gather." A weather forecast gives you そうだ; an overheard rumour gives you らしい.

How does it sound in anime?

The "looks like" そう is everywhere in dialogue, usually shortened and emotional. If you watch with the sound on, these three will come up within the first episode of almost anything:

おいしそう! — That looks so good! 死しにそう。 — I'm dying. (literally "about to die" — exhaustion, not danger) 泣なきそうだった。 — I was about to cry.

死しにそう is worth flagging: it almost never means actual danger. It is the standard exaggeration for hot, tired, hungry, or embarrassed, in exactly the way English uses "I'm dead."

Common mistakes

  • 降おりそう vs 降ふるそう. ます-stem = you are looking at the sky. Plain form = someone told you. Getting this backwards produces a correct sentence with the wrong meaning, which nobody will correct.
  • いいそう for "looks good." It has to be よさそう. いいそう will be read as hearsay.
  • Dropping だ in hearsay. 学生がくせいそうです is wrong. Hearsay takes the plain form, so a noun keeps its だ: 学生がくせいだそうです.
  • Conjugating the hearsay そう. There is no そうな or そうに for hearsay. Those endings only exist on the appearance そう.
  • そう for visible qualities. 赤あかそう, 大おおきそう for something right in front of you sounds strange — you can just see it. Use そう for what you are inferring, not for what you are observing.
  • おいしそうじゃない as the negative. Put the negative in the adjective: おいしくなさそう.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: one syllable moves, and the whole meaning goes with it.

1. What does 雨あめが降おりそうです mean, and what is your evidence?

Show answer

It looks like it's going to rain — you are looking at the sky — 降おり is the ます-stem, which is the appearance そう. Your own eyes are the source.

2. What does 雨あめが降ふるそうです mean, and what is your evidence?

Show answer

I hear it's going to rain — someone told you — 降ふる is the plain form, which is the hearsay そう. This is the pair to question 1: same words, different attachment, opposite source.

3. Say "this cake looks delicious."

Show answer

このケーキ、おいしそうです — drop the い from おいしい and add そう. You have not eaten it, so appearance is exactly right.

4. Something is wrong here: この店みせはいいそうです(「よく見みえる」の意味いみで)。

Show answer

この店みせはよさそうです — いい is irregular and becomes よさ before そう. いいそうです would be read as "I hear it's good."

5. Fill in: 田中たなかさんは学生がくせい( )そうです。("I hear Tanaka is a student.")

Show answer

だ — 学生がくせいだそうです。Hearsay attaches to the plain form, and a noun's plain form keeps だ. 学生がくせいそうです is not possible.

6. Say "it doesn't look like it's going to rain."

Show answer

雨あめは降おりそうにありません / 降おりそうにない — for verbs, the negative of appearance そう is そうにない, not そうじゃない.

7. Put おいしそう in front of a noun: "food that looks delicious."

Show answer

おいしそうな料理りょうり — appearance そう behaves like a な-adjective, so it takes な before a noun. Hearsay そう can never do this.

8. Why is このりんごは赤あかそうです strange?

Show answer

Redness is directly visible, not inferred — appearance そう is for guessing at something you cannot see straight on. Just say 赤あかいです.

9. What does 死しにそう usually mean in conversation?

Show answer

Exhausted, boiling, starving — not actual danger — 死しに is the ます-stem, so it is "about to die," used exactly the way English says "I'm dead."

10. What is the difference between 雨あめが降ふるそうだ and 雨あめが降ふるらしい?

Show answer

How firm the source is — そうだ passes on a specific report faithfully (a forecast, something you were told). らしい is vaguer — "apparently", from reputation or a rumour you cannot fully vouch for.

FAQ

Can I use だ with the appearance そう? Yes, and it is normal in casual speech: おいしそうだ, 降おりそうだ. The polite version is おいしそうです. What you cannot do is add だ to the front of the appearance そう the way hearsay does.

Does hearsay そう have a past tense? The tense lives in the clause in front, not on そう: 降ふったそうです ("I heard it rained"). 降ふるそうでした is not used — you report what you heard in the present, and the reported event carries its own tense.

How do I name the source of hearsay? 〜によると at the front: 天気予報てんきよほうによると, ニュースによると, 友達ともだちの話はなしによると. It is optional, but it makes the sentence much more natural in writing.

Is そうに different from ように? Yes. おいしそうに食たべる means "eat in a way that looks delicious" (real enjoyment, visible on your face). おいしいように食たべる is not a natural sentence. ように compares to something: 子供こどものように食たべる = "eat like a child."

Can appearance そう be used about myself? For feelings and physical states, constantly: 泣なきそう, 倒たおれそう, 眠ねむそう… though 眠ねむそう about yourself is odd, since you know whether you are sleepy. Use it for things that are about to happen to you, not for describing your own inner state you already know.

Is there a そう that means "that's right"? Yes, and it is unrelated to both of these — そうです as an answer means "that's correct," and そうですね means "let me think" or "you're right" depending on tone. Same sound, different word entirely.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

雨	あめ — rain
降る	ふる — to fall (rain, snow)
おいしい	おいしい — delicious
難しい	むずかしい — difficult
元気	げんき — well, healthy, energetic
泣く	なく — to cry
料理	りょうり — food, cooking, a dish
天気予報	てんきよほう — weather forecast
雪	ゆき — snow
静か	しずか — quiet
学生	がくせい — student
高い	たかい — expensive, tall
時間	じかん — time
間に合う	まにあう — to make it in time
赤い	あかい — red
店	みせ — shop
死ぬ	しぬ — to die
倒れる	たおれる — to collapse
眠い	ねむい — sleepy
友達	ともだち — friend

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. In lessons this one hides for months, because a mixed-up そう is never a broken sentence — it is a perfectly polite sentence that quietly says you saw something you were actually only told about.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N4

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