LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N4Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 14, 2026

〜すぎる: "too much," and the い you have to drop

すぎる means "too much" and attaches to a bare stem: 食たべ**すぎる**, 高たか**すぎる**, 静しずか**すぎる**. い-adjectives lose their い first, which is the error everyone makes once. The result is an ordinary Group 2 verb, so it conjugates normally — and in casual speech it drifts away from "too" into pure emphasis.

The basics

How to attach it

Word type Rule Example
Verb ます-stem 食たべます → 食たべすぎる
い-adjective drop い 高たかい → 高たかすぎる
な-adjective bare 静しずか → 静しずかすぎる
いい irregular いい → よすぎる
ない irregular ない → なさすぎる

昨日きのうは食たべすぎました。 — I ate too much yesterday. (polite past) このコートは高たかすぎます。 — This coat is too expensive. (polite — 高たかい loses its い)

The two irregulars follow the same logic as everywhere else: いい becomes よ-, and ない takes さ before すぎる. 都合つごうがよすぎる ("too convenient / too good to be true") and 元気げんきがなさすぎる ("far too listless") are both natural.

It is a Group 2 verb

Once formed, すぎる conjugates like 食たべる — see the verb groups:

飲のみすぎないでください。 — Please don't drink too much. (polite request — negative) 働はたらきすぎて、体からだを壊こわしました。 — I worked too much and damaged my health. (polite past — te-form)

So you get すぎた, すぎない, すぎて, すぎたら, all for free.

The noun form: 〜すぎ

Drop る and you have a noun:

それは考かんがえすぎですよ。 — You're overthinking it. (polite — reassuring)

食たべすぎ, 飲のみすぎ, 働はたらきすぎ, 考かんがえすぎ are all everyday nouns. 考かんがえすぎ is the one you will hear most, usually as gentle reassurance.

Beyond the basics

It carries a judgement

すぎる is not neutral measurement. It says the amount is a problem:

甘あますぎます。 — It's too sweet. (polite — a complaint about the food)

If you just mean "very," use とても or すごく. 甘あますぎる to a cook is criticism; とても甘あまいです is a description.

This is the same axis as 〜てしまう, which also turns a plain action into a regretted one. Japanese has a lot of grammar whose job is attaching an attitude.

Casual speech uses it as pure emphasis

In spoken Japanese, especially online and among young speakers, すぎる has drifted:

これ、かわいすぎる。 — This is so cute. (casual — no complaint at all) 面白おもしろすぎた。 — That was unbelievably funny. (casual past)

Nobody thinks the thing is excessively cute. The "too" has bleached out into an intensifier, exactly the way English "literally" did. You will meet this constantly in anime and social media, and almost never in formal writing.

すぎる vs あまり〜ない

For "not too much," Japanese usually does not negate すぎる. It uses あまり with a negative instead:

あまり高たかくないです。 — It isn't too expensive. (polite)

高たかすぎないです is grammatical but sounds like you are answering a specific accusation of excess.

The counterpart: 〜足たりない

For "not enough," the pattern is a compound verb with 足たりない:

練習れんしゅうが足たりません。 — There isn't enough practice. (polite)

寝不足ねぶそく ("lack of sleep") and 練習不足れんしゅうぶそく are the noun versions, using 不足ふそく rather than 足たりない.

Watch it with adjectives about people

高たかすぎる about a price is fine. 高たかすぎる about a person's height, said to their face, is a comment about their body. The judgement built into すぎる does not switch off for politeness, so with people prefer とても or 背せが高たかいですね.

Common mistakes

  • 高たかいすぎる. Drop the い: 高たかすぎる.
  • いいすぎる for "too good." It is よすぎる. (言いいすぎる exists and means "to say too much" — a different word.)
  • ないすぎる. It is なさすぎる.
  • Using すぎる when you mean "very." すぎる is a complaint. Use とても or すごく for a plain intensifier — unless you are being deliberately casual.
  • 食たべすぎるでした. すぎる is a verb: 食たべすぎました.
  • Negating it for "not too much." Use あまり〜ない.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 6 and 7 are a pair: the same word, and the register decides whether it is a complaint.

1. Make すぎる from 食たべる.

Show answer

食たべすぎる — the ます-stem, 食たべ, plus すぎる.

2. Something is wrong here: このコートは高たかいすぎます。

Show answer

高たかすぎます — い-adjectives drop their い before すぎる.

3. Make すぎる from いい and from ない.

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よすぎる / なさすぎる — the same two irregulars as everywhere else: いい becomes よ-, and ない takes さ.

4. Say "please don't drink too much."

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飲のみすぎないでください — すぎる is a Group 2 verb, so all the ordinary endings attach.

5. Reassure someone who is worrying too much.

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それは考かんがえすぎですよ — dropping る gives you a noun, and 考かんがえすぎ is the most common one.

6. Tell a cook their dish is too sweet.

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甘あますぎます — a complaint. すぎる says the amount is a problem.

7. Tell a friend online that something is incredibly cute.

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かわいすぎる — in casual speech the "too" has bleached out into pure emphasis. This is the pair to question 6: same grammar, opposite intent.

8. Say "it isn't too expensive."

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あまり高たかくないです — Japanese uses あまり + negative rather than negating すぎる.

9. Something is wrong here: 昨日きのうは食たべすぎるでした。

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食たべすぎました — すぎる is a verb, not an adjective.

10. Why should you avoid 高たかすぎますね about someone's height, to their face?

Show answer

The judgement in すぎる does not switch off — it says the amount is a problem. Say 背せが高たかいですね instead.

FAQ

Is すぎる written in kanji? 過すぎる exists and is used for the standalone verb ("to pass, to exceed"): 時間じかんが過すぎる. The suffix is usually kana.

Can it attach to nouns? Not directly, but colloquially it does with a few: 元気げんきすぎる, 天才てんさいすぎる. Treat these as な-adjective-like uses.

What is 言い過いいすぎ? "Saying too much / an overstatement." 言い過いいすぎました is a useful apology after being blunt.

Does すぎる work with the potential form? Rarely, and it sounds odd. Attach it to the plain verb instead.

How is it different from あまりに? あまりに is an adverb meaning "excessively" and modifies the whole clause: あまりに高たかい. すぎる is built into the word.

Can I stack it with てしまう? Yes: 食たべすぎてしまいました ("I ended up eating too much"). Two layers of regret, which is very natural in an apology.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

過ぎる	すぎる — to exceed, to pass
食べる	たべる — to eat
飲む	のむ — to drink
高い	たかい — expensive, high
静か	しずか — quiet
昨日	きのう — yesterday
働く	はたらく — to work
体	からだ — body
壊す	こわす — to break, to damage
考える	かんがえる — to think
甘い	あまい — sweet
面白い	おもしろい — funny, interesting
練習	れんしゅう — practice
足りる	たりる — to be enough
背	せ — height, back
元気	げんき — energetic, well
都合	つごう — convenience, circumstances
時間	じかん — time
天才	てんさい — genius
言う	いう — to say

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 高たかいすぎる comes out of almost everyone once, and then never again. The more interesting half is the casual drift — かわいすぎる is a good early example of watching a grammar point lose its literal meaning in real time.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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