LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N3Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 14, 2026

〜たびに: "every time," and why 3日にちたびに is wrong

〜たびに means "every time" and it needs an *occasion* — something that happens, like meeting someone or hearing a song. For fixed intervals on a clock or calendar, Japanese uses ごとに instead. 会あうたびに is right; 3日にちたびに is not.

The two forms translate into the same English word, which is why this distinction almost never gets taught. The fix is a single question: is this an event, or a measurement?

The basics

How do you build it?

In front Form Example
Verb dictionary form 会あうたびに
Noun + の 誕生日たんじょうびのたびに

彼かれに会あうたびに、昔むかしの話はなしをします。 — Every time I meet him, we talk about the old days. (polite) この曲きょくを聞きくたびに、高校時代こうこうじだいを思い出おもいだします。 — Every time I hear this song, I remember high school. (polite)

Note the dictionary form. Even when the sentence is in the past, たびに takes 会あう, not 会あった — the same relative-tense logic that governs とき clauses.

日本にほんに行いくたびに、何なにか買かってきました。 — Every time I went to Japan, I bought something. (polite past — 行いく, not 行いった)

たびに vs ごとに

Form What it counts Example
〜たびに Occasions, events 会あうたびに
〜ごとに Fixed intervals, units 3日にちごとに

薬くすりは6時間じかんごとに飲のんでください。 — Take the medicine every six hours. (polite — a measured interval) 試合しあいのたびに緊張きんちょうします。 — I get nervous every match. (polite — an occasion, not an interval)

The test: if you can count it on a clock, a calendar or a ruler, use ごとに. If it is something that happens, use たびに. 3日にちたびに and 会あうごとに are both understandable and both slightly wrong.

It usually goes with a change or a reaction

たびに sentences almost always pair the occasion with something that recurs as a result:

会あうたびに、大おおきくなりますね。 — He gets bigger every time I see him. (polite — the classic thing to say about someone's child)

That sentence is a good template: occasion + たびに + a change, using くなる / になる. It is one of the most natural-sounding things you can say in Japanese, and it costs one grammar point.

Beyond the basics

たびに vs 〜と

Both can mean "whenever." The difference is inevitability.

春はるになると、桜さくらが咲さきます。 — When spring comes, the cherry blossoms bloom. (polite — an automatic natural consequence) 春はるになるたびに、あの日にちを思い出おもいだします。 — Every time spring comes, I remember that day. (polite — a recurring personal experience)

と states a rule of the world; たびに counts repetitions of an experience. For the full comparison of the conditionals, see たら, れば, と and なら. The short version: と is for laws, たびに is for habits and memories.

たびに vs いつも

いつも means "always" and describes a general state. たびに picks out the individual occasions and links each one to a result.

いつも遅おくれます。 — He's always late. (polite — a characteristic) 来くるたびに遅おくれます。 — He's late every single time he comes. (polite — occasion by occasion, slightly more pointed)

The second sounds more exasperated, precisely because it counts.

The emotional register

たびに carries a faint weight of accumulation, which is why it shows up so often in nostalgic and romantic contexts:

君くんの名前なまえを聞きくたびに、胸むねが痛いたくなる。 — Every time I hear your name, it hurts. (casual, literary — a stock lyric line)

Song lyrics and anime dialogue use this constantly. The grammar itself is neutral, but the shape — a repeated occasion producing a repeated feeling — invites that use.

度ど and the たび you already know

たびに is written 度どに in kanji, from 度ど ("degree, occasion") — the same kanji as in 今度こんど, 一度いちど, 何度なんど. It is unrelated to 旅たび (journey), which is also read たび. Context and kanji keep them apart, and the grammar is normally written in kana anyway.

The formal 〜たびごとに

Adding ごと gives an emphatic, slightly legalistic version: 更新こうしんのたびごとに ("on each and every renewal"). You will meet it in contracts. You will not need to produce it.

Common mistakes

  • Using たびに for clock intervals. 3日にちたびに, 1時間じかんたびに — use ごとに.
  • Using the past form. 会あったたびに is wrong. たびに takes the dictionary form regardless of the sentence's tense.
  • Using it for something that happened once. たびに requires repetition, so 生うまれるたびに makes no sense for one person.
  • Forgetting の after a noun. 誕生日たんじょうびたびに is broken; it is 誕生日たんじょうびのたびに.
  • Substituting it for いつも. いつも describes a trait; たびに counts occasions and sounds more pointed.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 1 and 2 are a pair: same English word, and the difference is event versus measurement.

1. Say "every time I meet him, we talk about the old days."

Show answer

彼かれに会あうたびに、昔むかしの話はなしをします — meeting is an occasion, so たびに.

2. Say "take the medicine every six hours."

Show answer

薬くすりは6時間じかんごとに飲のんでください — six hours is a measured interval, so ごとに. This is the pair to question 1: English says "every" for both.

3. Something is wrong here: 日本にほんに行いったたびに、何なにか買かってきました。

Show answer

行いくたびに — たびに takes the dictionary form even when the sentence is in the past. The final verb carries the tense.

4. Something is wrong here: 誕生日たんじょうびたびに、写真しゃしんを撮とります。

Show answer

誕生日たんじょうびのたびに — a noun needs の before たびに.

5. Say "he gets bigger every time I see him."

Show answer

会あうたびに、大おおきくなりますね — occasion + たびに + a change. This template is one of the most natural things you can say.

6. What is the difference between 春はるになると、桜さくらが咲さきます and 春はるになるたびに、あの日にちを思い出おもいだします?

Show answer

A law of nature vs a recurring personal experience — と states an automatic consequence, たびに counts repetitions.

7. Which sounds more exasperated: いつも遅おくれます or 来くるたびに遅おくれます?

Show answer

来くるたびに遅おくれます — it counts the individual occasions instead of describing a trait, which makes it more pointed.

8. Something is wrong here: 3日にちたびに掃除そうじします。

Show answer

3日にちごとに掃除そうじします — a calendar interval is a measurement, not an occasion.

9. Which kanji is たびに written with, and what other word shares the reading?

Show answer

度どに, and 旅たび (journey) shares the reading たび — 度ど is the same kanji as in 今度こんど and 一度いちど. They are unrelated words.

10. Say "every time I hear this song, I remember high school."

Show answer

この曲きょくを聞きくたびに、高校時代こうこうじだいを思い出おもいだします — hearing the song is the occasion; remembering is what recurs.

FAQ

Can たびに attach to a noun without an event meaning? It needs the noun to name an occasion: 試験しけんのたびに, 会議かいぎのたびに, 誕生日たんじょうびのたびに. A pure object like 本ほんのたびに makes no sense.

Is 毎回まいかい the same thing? Close. 毎回まいかい is an adverb meaning "every time" and can stand alone: 毎回まいかい遅おくれます. たびに connects two clauses.

Can I use it with negative verbs? Rarely, and it sounds strange. 行いかないたびに is not natural.

What about 〜るたび without に? It appears in writing and lyrics — 会あうたび — and is a slightly more compact, poetic version. Both are correct.

Is ごとに ever used with events? Yes, occasionally: 試合しあいごとに強つよくなる. It sounds a bit more clinical than 試合しあいのたびに, as if counting rather than experiencing.

Does the second clause have to be habitual? Effectively yes. たびに sets up a repeated pairing, so a one-off result reads oddly.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

度	たび — occasion, time
会う	あう — to meet
昔	むかし — the old days, long ago
話	はなし — story, talk
曲	きょく — song, piece of music
聞く	きく — to hear, to listen
高校	こうこう — high school
時代	じだい — era, period
思い出す	おもいだす — to remember, to recall
誕生日	たんじょうび — birthday
写真	しゃしん — photo
撮る	とる — to take (a photo)
薬	くすり — medicine
時間	じかん — hour, time
飲む	のむ — to drink, to take (medicine)
大きい	おおきい — big
春	はる — spring
桜	さくら — cherry blossom
咲く	さく — to bloom
遅れる	おくれる — to be late
胸	むね — chest, heart
痛い	いたい — painful
試合	しあい — match, game
掃除	そうじ — cleaning
毎回	まいかい — every time
会議	かいぎ — meeting
試験	しけん — exam

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. 会あうたびに大おおきくなりますね is the sentence I hear Japanese adults say to children constantly, and it is a good one to own early — it is warm, it is natural, and it uses this grammar point exactly as it was designed.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

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