LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N5How you sound · Sep 22, 2026

How to say goodbye in Japanese: さようなら is almost never the right one

さようなら is the goodbye every textbook teaches and almost no Japanese adult says — it carries a sense of "we will not see each other for a long time," so the real goodbyes are お疲つかれさま at work, 失礼しつれいします when you leave a room, and じゃあね or また明日あした with everyone else.

Goodbye is the single place where beginners most reliably sound like a textbook. The fix is not a longer word list — it is knowing that Japanese picks the goodbye by situation and direction of travel, not by politeness level alone.

The basics

Why is さようなら wrong, exactly?

It is not wrong. It is heavy. さようなら originally meant something like "if that is how it is" — a goodbye that accepts a parting, which is why it lands with finality.

さようなら。 — Goodbye. (polite, but implies a long or permanent parting)

Where you will genuinely hear it: schoolchildren to a teacher at the end of the day, a formal farewell to someone moving away, and the end of a relationship. Where you will not hear it: an office at 6pm, a friend leaving a café, a family member heading out. Say it to a colleague every evening and the effect is somewhere between theatrical and worrying.

What do people say at work?

お疲つかれさまです and its past form お疲つかれさまでした do almost all the work. It means something like "thank you for your effort," and at the end of the day it functions as the goodbye.

お疲つかれさまでした。 — Goodbye / thanks for your work today. (polite, leaving work) お先さきに失礼しつれいします。 — Excuse me for leaving before you. (polite, said by the person leaving first)

The pair runs in both directions: the person leaving says お先さきに失礼しつれいします, and the people staying answer お疲つかれさまでした. That exchange is the entire ritual, and it happens thousands of times a day across Japan. The word itself is doing more jobs than any dictionary entry suggests, which is the subject of お疲つかれさま on its own.

What do friends say?

Short things, usually with a ね or a plan attached.

じゃあね。 — See you. (casual, the everyday default) また明日あした。 — See you tomorrow. (casual, when you actually will) バイバイ。 — Bye bye. (casual, common with friends and children)

またね, じゃあ, じゃ and また今度こんど ("see you next time") all sit in the same zone. The pattern worth noticing is that Japanese goodbyes prefer to name the next meeting: また明日あした, また来週らいしゅう, また後あとで. A goodbye that specifies when is warmer than one that does not.

What do you say when leaving a room?

失礼しつれいします — literally "I am being rude" — is the all-purpose phrase for entering and leaving a space that belongs to someone else.

失礼しつれいします。 — Excuse me. (polite, leaving an office, a meeting, a teacher's room)

It is also how you end a phone call politely, which surprises learners who expect a goodbye word. さようなら on the phone sounds strange; 失礼しつれいします is the standard sign-off.

What about leaving your own home?

Home has its own fixed pair, and neither half is a goodbye in the English sense.

行いってきます。 — I'm off (and I'll be back). (casual, said by the person leaving) 行いってらっしゃい。 — Go and come back. (casual, said by the person staying)

These are obligatory in a way English goodbyes are not. Walking out of a Japanese home in silence reads as sulking. The full set of four house phrases — including the two for coming back — is laid out in ただいま and おかえり.

Beyond the basics

Which goodbye goes with which situation?

Situation What you say Register
Leaving work, others still there お先さきに失礼しつれいします Polite
Someone else leaving work お疲つかれさまでした Polite
Leaving a room, office, phone call 失礼しつれいします Polite
Leaving your own home 行いってきます Neutral, household only
Friends, no fixed next meeting じゃあね / またね Casual
Friends, meeting again soon また明日あした / また来週らいしゅう Casual
Seeing someone off on a journey 気きをつけて Any
To someone unwell お大事だいじに Polite
Genuine long parting さようなら Polite, heavy
Shop staff to customer ありがとうございました Service

The table is the actual answer to "how do you say goodbye in Japanese." There is no single word, and hunting for one is what keeps さようなら in textbooks.

What do you say to the person who is leaving?

The goodbye is often split between two different phrases. If you are the one staying, your line is usually about the other person's journey or condition.

気きをつけて。 — Take care / travel safe. (any register, said to someone heading out) お大事だいじに。 — Take care of yourself. (polite, to someone ill — never as a general goodbye)

お大事だいじに is specifically for illness or injury. Saying it to a healthy colleague is the conversational equivalent of handing them a get-well card for no reason — a distinction covered alongside the rest of the illness vocabulary in how to say "I'm sick".

How do shop staff say goodbye?

They do not, technically. They thank you.

ありがとうございました。 — Thank you (for your custom). (service register, as you leave)

You are not expected to answer with a goodbye. A small nod, or どうも, is enough. Learners who reply さようなら to a convenience store clerk get a brief look of confusion, because the clerk did not say goodbye in the first place.

What are the anime goodbyes, and can you use them?

Fiction runs on the dramatic end of the range, which is exactly where real speech does not go.

さらば。 — Farewell. (archaic, theatrical — samurai, villains, parody) あばよ。 — So long. (rough, old-fashioned tough-guy register) じゃあな。 — See ya. (casual masculine, common in fiction and among close male friends) ごきげんよう。 — Fare thee well. (archaic-elegant, used seriously by a small set of speakers and constantly by anime characters at girls' schools)

じゃあな is genuinely usable between close friends. The other three will get a laugh — which is fine if you meant to be funny, and a problem if you did not. This is the same register trap that makes anime a brilliant listening resource and a risky speaking model; why anime Japanese sounds rude works through the general version.

Does the goodbye change if you are the junior person?

Yes, in one specific way: leaving before your seniors requires an apology built into the phrase. That is what お先さきに ("ahead of you") is doing in お先さきに失礼しつれいします. Drop the お先さきに and you have only said "excuse me," which misses the point of the ritual.

お先さきに失礼しつれいします。 — I'm leaving ahead of you, excuse me. (polite, junior to senior) お先さきに。 — See you, I'm off. (casual, between colleagues who know each other well)

The trimmed お先さきに is friendly, not rude — but only among equals. Choosing between the two is the everyday form of the switch described in keigo vs casual.

Common mistakes

  • Using さようなら as a daily goodbye. It reads as a long parting. Colleagues will wonder if you are quitting; a partner will wonder something worse.
  • Answering ありがとうございました with さようなら. Shop staff thanked you; they did not say goodbye. A nod or どうも closes it.
  • Saying お大事だいじに to a healthy person. It means "take care of your health," and only fits when there is a health problem to take care of.
  • Saying バイバイ to a boss or client. It is fine with friends and small children and lands as childish upward.
  • Forgetting お先さきに when leaving first. 失礼しつれいします alone is not wrong, but お先さきに失礼しつれいします is the phrase the room is waiting for.
  • Ending a phone call with さようなら. 失礼しつれいします is the standard. Business calls often end with 失礼しつれいいたします.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 3 and 4 are a pair: the same office, two different speakers.

1. It is 6pm. You are leaving the office while your colleagues are still working. What do you say?

Show answer

お先さきに失礼しつれいします — お先さきに marks that you are leaving ahead of them, and 失礼しつれいします apologises for it. Dropping お先さきに loses the whole point.

2. A friend is walking away after coffee. You will see them next week.

Show answer

また来週らいしゅう — Japanese goodbyes prefer to name the next meeting. じゃあね also works, but また来週らいしゅう is warmer because it is specific.

3. Your colleague says お先さきに失礼しつれいします. What do you answer?

Show answer

お疲つかれさまでした — the fixed reply from the person staying. The two phrases are a pair; answering さようなら would break the ritual.

4. Now you are the one leaving, and everyone else has already gone home. Nobody is there to apologise to.

Show answer

お疲つかれさまでした — with no one senior still working, there is nothing to say お先さきに about. If the room is truly empty you say nothing at all; the phrase exists for the people in it.

5. You are leaving your house in the morning.

Show answer

行いってきます — literally "I'll go and come back." Leaving a Japanese home without it reads as being in a bad mood.

6. Your friend is heading out into a typhoon. Say something as they go.

Show answer

気きをつけて — "be careful / take care on the way." This is the line for the person staying, and it works in any register.

7. A coworker is going home early with a fever.

Show answer

お大事だいじに — reserved for illness and injury. 気きをつけて would be about the journey; お大事だいじに is about their health.

8. You are ending a business phone call.

Show answer

失礼しつれいします — or 失礼しつれいいたします to be more formal. さようなら on the phone sounds oddly final.

9. You are leaving a classmate you see every day at school, and you are both sixteen.

Show answer

じゃあね or また明日あした — バイバイ is also completely normal at this age. さようなら is what you say to the teacher, not to each other.

10. A friend is emigrating next week and you will not see them for years.

Show answer

さようなら — this is the situation the word was built for. Here its weight is the point rather than a mistake.

FAQ

Is さようなら ever used normally? Yes — by children to teachers, and in genuinely long partings. It is not an archaic word; it is a heavy one, and the heaviness is why it does not fit ordinary daily goodbyes.

What is the most useful goodbye to learn first? お疲つかれさまです, if you will be around Japanese workplaces at all. Otherwise じゃあね for friends and 失礼しつれいします for anyone else. Those three cover nearly every situation a visitor meets.

Is バイバイ too childish for adults? No, between friends. Adult women use it freely, adult men less so, and nobody uses it to a superior. It is the register, not the age, that decides.

What is the difference between じゃあね and またね? Almost nothing. じゃあね leans on "well then," またね on "again." Both are casual, both are extremely common, and no Japanese speaker would notice which one you chose.

Do I bow when I say goodbye? A small nod is enough in casual situations and is close to automatic in polite ones. Nobody expects a foreign learner to calibrate the depth — matching roughly what the other person does is fine.

How do I say goodbye in a text message? じゃあ, じゃね, またね, or nothing at all. Japanese messaging often just stops, the same way a conversation trails off, and that is not considered rude.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

さようなら	さようなら — goodbye (final, long parting)
お疲れさま	おつかれさま — thanks for your work; the everyday work goodbye
お先に失礼します	おさきにしつれいします — excuse me for leaving first
失礼します	しつれいします — excuse me (entering or leaving)
じゃあね	じゃあね — see you (casual)
またね	またね — see you again (casual)
また明日	またあした — see you tomorrow
また来週	またらいしゅう — see you next week
また今度	またこんど — see you next time
バイバイ	バイバイ — bye bye (casual)
行ってきます	いってきます — I'm off (leaving home)
行ってらっしゃい	いってらっしゃい — go and come back safely
気をつけて	きをつけて — take care, be safe
お大事に	おだいじに — take care of your health (to someone ill)
ありがとうございました	ありがとうございました — thank you (as a customer leaves)
どうも	どうも — thanks; hi; a light all-purpose word
さらば	さらば — farewell (archaic, theatrical)
あばよ	あばよ — so long (rough, old-fashioned)
じゃあな	じゃあな — see ya (casual masculine)
ごきげんよう	ごきげんよう — fare thee well (archaic-elegant)
お先に	おさきに — ahead of you; I'm off first
失礼いたします	しつれいいたします — excuse me (very formal)

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. Goodbye is the phrase my beginners get wrong longest, because さようなら is taught in week one and never corrected — most students say it to me for months before anyone tells them it sounds like we are parting for good.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N5

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