LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N3Talking to real people · Sep 21, 2026

〜あたり and 〜につき: how to say "per person" in Japanese

English uses "per" for arithmetic and for rules; Japanese uses あたり for the arithmetic and につき for the rules, and mixing them is what makes a price sound like a regulation.

There is a third trap sitting next to them. ずつ also gets translated as "each," but it distributes rather than divides, and swapping it for あたり turns a budget into an order at a counter.

The basics

〜あたり: dividing a total

Xあたり means "per X," and it belongs to calculations. Take a total, divide it by something, state the result.

一人ひとりあたり三千円さんぜんえんです。 — It's three thousand yen per person. (polite; splitting a bill) 一日いちにちあたり二時間にじかん勉強べんきょうしています。 — I study two hours per day. (polite; an average) 一人ひとり一日いちにちあたり百ひゃくドルかかります。 — It costs a hundred dollars per person per day. (polite; travel budgeting, and you can stack them)

Attach it straight to the counter phrase: 一人ひとりあたり, 一日いちにちあたり, 一回いっかいあたり, 一いちキロあたり. In writing it is often 一人当ひとりあたりたり.

〜につき: stating a rule

Xにつき means "per X" in notices, limits and prices set by an institution. It is the language of signs.

お一人ひとり様ようにつき二ふたつまでです。 — Two per customer, maximum. (polite; shop notice) 一枚いちまいにつき百円ひゃくえんかかります。 — It costs one hundred yen per sheet. (polite; a fee) 五名ごめいにつき一名いちめい無料むりょう。 — One free per five people. (written; group discount)

お一人ひとり様さま is the shop-counter version of 一人ひとり and is the form you will actually see printed. につき reads as official, which is exactly why it suits rules and sits oddly in casual conversation about splitting a bill.

〜ずつ: handing things out

ずつ is not division at all. It means "each, one at a time" — the same amount going to each recipient, or repeated in steps.

一人ひとりずつ入はいってください。 — Please come in one at a time. (polite; a queue instruction) 二個にこずつ取とってください。 — Please take two each. (polite) 少すこしずつ覚おぼえています。 — I'm learning little by little. (polite; steps over time)

The difference lands hardest in a shop:

一人ひとりあたり二ふたつです。 — It works out at two per person. (you divided a total and this is the result) お一人ひとり様ようにつき二ふたつまでです。 — Two per person, maximum. (a rule the shop is imposing) 二ふたつずつ取とってください。 — Take two each. (an instruction to the people in front of you)

Beyond the basics

〜ごとに: at every interval

ごとに means "every," in the sense of a repeating interval rather than a share.

三日みっかごとに水みずをやってください。 — Please water it every three days. (polite) 駅えきごとに人ひとが増ふえる。 — People increase at every station. (plain)

If you can replace it with "every," it is ごとに. If you can replace it with "per," it is あたり or につき.

The confusing other あたり

あたり is also a completely ordinary word meaning "around, the vicinity."

この辺あたりにコンビニはありますか。 — Is there a convenience store around here? (polite) 三時さんじあたりに行いきます。 — I'll go around three. (polite; approximate time)

Same sound, different word — the vicinity one is 辺あたり, and it appears in asking for directions. Context separates them easily: after a counter it is "per," after a place or a time it is "around."

There is a third あたり from 当あたる ("to hit, to win"), as in 当あたり ("a win," on a lottery ticket or an ice-lolly stick). The 当とう kanji is shared with the "per" meaning — 一人当ひとりあたりたり is literally "hitting one person."

Talking about splitting a bill

This is the everyday home of あたり, and the surrounding vocabulary is worth having.

割り勘わりかんにしましょう。 — Let's split it evenly. (polite; the standard proposal) 一人ひとりあたり二千にせん五百ごひゃく円えんですね。 — That's two thousand five hundred yen each, then. (polite) 端数はすうは私わたしが出だします。 — I'll cover the odd change. (polite)

Asking the price itself is a separate set of phrases — see いくらですか.

平均へいきん and 約やく go with あたり

Because あたり is arithmetic, it collects the vocabulary of approximation.

一日いちにちあたり平均へいきん三時さんじ間あいだです。 — It averages three hours per day. (polite) 一人ひとりあたり約やく千円せんえんになります。 — It comes to roughly a thousand yen per person. (polite)

約やく goes before the number, 平均へいきん before the whole amount, and both sit comfortably next to あたり. For how the counters themselves work, see Japanese counters.

Common mistakes

  • Using あたり to give an instruction. ×一人ひとりあたり入はいってください is not an instruction. To tell people to enter one at a time it is 一人ひとりずつ入はいってください.
  • Using につき when splitting a bill with friends. It sounds like you are reading them a shop regulation. 一人ひとりあたり is the friendly version.
  • Using ずつ for an average. 一日いちにちずつ二時間にじかん does not mean "two hours a day." An average is 一日いちにちあたり.
  • Forgetting the counter. It is 一人ひとりあたり, not ×人ひとあたり. あたり attaches to a counted amount.
  • Reading この辺あたり as "per." After a place or a time, あたり means "around." Only after a counter does it divide.
  • Using あたり on a printed notice. Signs use につき, and customers are お一人ひとり様さま. 一人ひとりあたり on a shop sign reads as a calculation rather than a limit.

The four at a glance

Form Job Typical setting Example
〜あたり Divides a total Budgets, averages, splitting a bill 一人ひとりあたり三千円さんぜんえん
〜につき States a rule or fee Signs, notices, official prices お一人ひとり様ようにつき二ふたつまで
〜ずつ Distributes equally Instructions, gradual progress 一人ひとりずつ/少すこしずつ
〜ごとに Marks an interval Schedules, repetition 三日みっかごとに
辺あたり Around, nearby Places and approximate times この辺あたり/三時さんじあたり

Practice

Answers are hidden — say yours first, then open. Questions 1, 2 and 3 are a set: the same "two per person," three different jobs.

1. You have divided the bill. Tell your friends the result.

Show answer

一人ひとりあたり二ふたつです。(金額きんがくなら一人ひとりあたり三千円さんぜんえんです。) — You divided a total, so あたり. This is arithmetic, not a rule.

2. You are writing a shop notice limiting purchases to two.

Show answer

お一人ひとり様ようにつき二ふたつまでです。 — A rule set by the shop takes につき, and customers are お一人ひとり様さま on a printed notice.

3. You are handing out snacks and want everyone to take two.

Show answer

二ふたつずつ取とってください。 — ずつ distributes. It is an instruction to the people in front of you, not a calculation.

4. Say: "I study two hours per day."

Show answer

一日いちにちあたり二時間にじかん勉強べんきょうしています。 — An average per unit of time, so あたり.

5. Say: "Please come in one at a time."

Show answer

一人ひとりずつ入はいってください。 — 一人ひとりあたり入はいってください is not a sentence; あたり cannot introduce an instruction.

6. Say: "Please water it every three days."

Show answer

三日みっかごとに水みずをやってください。 — A repeating interval takes ごとに. If "every" fits in English, it is ごとに.

7. What does この辺あたり mean, and why is it not "per"?

Show answer

"Around here." — It is 辺あたり, a different word. After a place or time あたり means "around"; only after a counter does it divide.

8. Say: "It comes to roughly a thousand yen per person."

Show answer

一人ひとりあたり約やく千円せんえんになります。 — 約やく goes before the number. あたり attracts the vocabulary of approximation because it is arithmetic.

9. Stack two units: "a hundred dollars per person per day."

Show answer

一人ひとり一日いちにちあたり百ひゃくドル。 — あたり can cover a stacked unit; you do not repeat it for each one.

10. Propose splitting the bill evenly.

Show answer

割り勘わりかんにしましょう。 — The standard phrase. The result is then reported with 一人ひとりあたり.

FAQ

Which kanji does あたり use? 当あたり for the "per" meaning (一人当ひとりあたりたり), 辺あたり for "around here." In casual writing both are often left in hiragana, and context does the work.

Is 一人ひとりあたり too formal for friends? No, it is completely normal for splitting a bill. The formal-sounding one is につき.

Can I say 一人ひとりにつき for a bill? You can, and it will be understood, but it sounds like a rule rather than a calculation — as though the restaurant has imposed the amount on each of you.

What is 割り勘わりかん exactly? Splitting the bill evenly between everyone. 割り勘わりかんにしましょう is the standard way to propose it, and it is unremarkable in Japan even with a group of new acquaintances.

How do I say "per capita" in a report? 一人当ひとりあたりたり, usually with the kanji. 一人当ひとりあたりたりGDP is the standard phrase, and the written register described in 書き言葉かきことば and 話し言葉はなしことば applies.

Does ずつ ever mean "per"? No. It means each recipient gets that amount, or that something proceeds in equal steps. 少すこしずつ ("little by little") is the clearest case: nothing is being divided.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

当たり	あたり — per (one unit)
辺り	あたり — around, vicinity
につき	につき — per (in rules and notices)
ずつ	ずつ — each, at a time
ごとに	ごとに — every (interval)
一人	ひとり — one person
お一人様	おひとりさま — one customer (polite)
一日	いちにち — one day
平均	へいきん — average
約	やく — approximately
割り勘	わりかん — splitting the bill evenly
端数	はすう — odd change, fraction
無料	むりょう — free of charge
枚	まい — counter for flat things
名	めい — counter for people (formal)
増える	ふえる — to increase

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. This comes up the first time a student splits a restaurant bill in Japan, and the fix is always the same: あたり is maths, につき is a rule, ずつ is handing things out.

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Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N3

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