LESSON NOTES · レッスンノート

N3Grammar, one piece at a time · Sep 13, 2026

Causative-passive させられる: the form for being made to do things

The causative-passive means "I was made to do something I did not want to do." It is built by stacking two forms you already know — causative plus passive — and unlike almost anything else in Japanese grammar, it comes with a built-in complaint.

This is the form that looks like the hardest thing on the N3 list and is actually one of the most predictable. There is one construction, one meaning, and one contraction. What makes it feel hard is that the parts are long and the English translation is clumsy.

The basics

How to build it

Make the causative, then make that passive. Two steps, both of which you already have.

Verb Causative Causative-passive
飲のむ 飲のませる 飲のませられる
書かく 書かかせる 書かかせられる
食たべる 食たべさせる 食たべさせられる
する させる させられる
来くる 来きさせる 来らいさせられる

The shortcut is simpler than the two-step: take the causative ending せる/させる and swap it for せられる/させられる.

上司じょうしにお酒さけを飲のませられました。 — I was made to drink by my boss. 三時さんじ間あいだも待またせられた。 — I was made to wait three whole hours. 子供こどもの時とき、ピアノを習ならわせられた。 — As a child, I was made to learn piano.

Who takes which particle

The person who made you do it takes に. You are the subject.

私わたしは先生せんせいに本ほんを読よませられました。 — I was made to read the book by the teacher.

Compare the plain causative, where the roles are reversed:

先生せんせいは私わたしに本ほんを読よませました。 — The teacher made me read the book. 私わたしは先生せんせいに本ほんを読よませられました。 — I was made to read the book by the teacher.

Same event. The causative tells it from the teacher's side; the causative-passive tells it from yours — and only the second one carries how you felt about it.

The contraction nobody teaches: 〜される

For Group 1 verbs, 〜せられる contracts to 〜される in ordinary speech. This is not slang; it is what people say.

Full Contracted
飲のませられる 飲のまされる
待またせられる 待またされる
書かかせられる 書かかされる
行いかせられる 行いかされる

飲のまされた。 — I got made to drink. 待またされた。 — I was kept waiting.

待またされる in particular is a word you will hear constantly and rarely see in a textbook. The one exception: verbs ending in す (話はなす, 出だす) do not contract — 話はなさせられる stays as it is, because 話はなさされる would be unpronounceable in practice.

Beyond the basics

It always carries a complaint

This is the part that matters more than the conjugation. The causative-passive is not neutral. Using it says you did not want to do the thing.

飲のみました。 — I drank. (neutral) 飲のまされました。 — I was made to drink. (and I resented it)

There is no polite, cheerful causative-passive. If someone made you do something and you were fine with it, Japanese uses a different construction entirely — usually 〜てもらう, which frames it as a favour: 手伝てつだってもらいました ("I had them help me").

This means you should be careful using it about anything your listener did. 課長かちょうに残業ざんぎょうさせられました said in front of the 課長かちょう is a complaint delivered to their face.

Where it actually appears

Three places, reliably:

Work stories. The single most common use, and the reason it is worth learning:

毎日まいにち残業ざんぎょうさせられています。 — I'm being made to work overtime every day. 休やすみの日にちに呼び出よびだされました。 — I was called in on my day off.

Childhood. Describing things your parents made you do:

子供こどもの時とき、野菜やさいを食たべさせられた。 — As a child, I was made to eat vegetables.

Waiting. The 待またされる family, which covers everything from restaurants to relationships:

一時間いちじかん待またされた。 — They kept me waiting an hour.

How is it different from the plain passive?

The plain passive can also carry annoyance — Japanese calls that the "suffering passive" — but it does not require anyone to have made you act.

Form Meaning Did you do the action?
雨あめに降ふられた I got rained on No — it happened to you
財布さいふを盗ぬすまれた My wallet was stolen No
飲のまされた I was made to drink Yes — but not by choice

That last row is the whole distinction. In the causative-passive you performed the action; someone else supplied the will. That combination of "I did it" and "I didn't want to" is what no single English word covers, and why the translation always comes out as "was made to."

How does it sound in anime?

It shows up in exactly the places you would expect — resentment, obligation, and being pushed around:

待またされるのは嫌きらいだ。 — I hate being kept waiting. やらされてるだけだ。 — I'm only doing it because I'm made to. さんざん振り回ふりまわされた。 — I got thoroughly jerked around.

やらされてる is worth listening for: it is 〜される plus 〜ている, contracted twice, and it is how a character says "this is not my choice" in four syllables.

Common mistakes

  • Mixing up the direction. 先生せんせいに読よませられた means the teacher made you read. 先生せんせいに読よませた means you made the teacher read, which is a very different social situation.
  • Using the full form where people contract. 待またせられた is correct and sounds textbook. 待またされた is what people say — except for す-verbs, which never contract.
  • Using it when you didn't mind. It always implies reluctance. For something you were happy to have someone do for you, use 〜てもらう.
  • Contracting a す-verb. 話はなさせられる does not become 話はなさされる. Group 2 verbs (食たべさせられる) do not contract either.
  • Forgetting the particle flips. In the causative the doer is the subject; in the causative-passive you are, and they take に.
  • Treating it as advanced and skipping it. 待またされた and 飲のまされた are everyday words. You will hear them long before you are "ready" for N3.

Practice

Answers are hidden — build yours first, then open. Questions 2 and 3 are a pair: the same two people, and the form decides who did the making.

1. Make 飲のむ into the causative-passive.

Show answer

飲のませられる — causative 飲のませる, then swap せる for せられる. In speech it contracts to 飲のまされる.

2. What does 私わたしは先生せんせいに本ほんを読よませられました mean?

Show answer

I was made to read the book by the teacher — you are the subject, and the person who made you takes に. You did the reading, unwillingly.

3. What does 私わたしは先生せんせいに本ほんを読よませました mean?

Show answer

I made the teacher read the book — plain causative, so the roles reverse. This is the pair to question 2: the same two people, and one ending decides who was made to do what.

4. Contract 待またせられた the way people actually say it.

Show answer

待またされた — Group 1 verbs contract せられる to される. This one is extremely common and rarely in textbooks.

5. Why does 話はなさせられる not contract?

Show answer

It ends in す — す-verbs (話はなす, 出だす) keep the full form, because the contracted 話はなさされる is unworkable to say. Group 2 verbs like 食たべさせられる also do not contract.

6. Say "I'm made to work overtime every day."

Show answer

毎日まいにち残業ざんぎょうさせられています — する becomes させられる with no other change. This is the single most common real-world use of the form.

7. Your friend kindly helped you move house. Why is 手伝てつだわされました wrong?

Show answer

It says you resented it — the causative-passive always implies reluctance, and here the reluctance would be theirs to feel, not yours. Use 手伝てつだってもらいました.

8. What is the difference between 雨あめに降ふられた and 飲のまされた?

Show answer

Whether you performed the action — rain happened to you and you did nothing. In 飲のまされた you did the drinking; someone else supplied the will.

9. What does やらされてる mean, and what is in it?

Show answer

"I'm only doing it because I'm made to" — やる plus the contracted causative-passive plus 〜ている, contracted again. Four syllables carrying a whole attitude.

10. Why would 課長かちょうに残業ざんぎょうさせられました be risky to say at work?

Show answer

It is a complaint about a named person — the form itself states that you did not want to. Said where the 課長かちょう can hear, it is not a description; it is an accusation.

FAQ

Is the causative-passive really that common? The full form is not; the contracted one is everywhere. 待またされた, 飲のまされた, やらされた and 買かわされた are ordinary conversational words, and you will meet them long before a textbook introduces the grammar.

Can it ever be neutral? Barely. Even in a flat statement like 子供こどもの時とき、ピアノを習ならわせられた, the form is doing the work of saying "not my idea." If you want neutral, describe the action plainly: ピアノを習ならいました.

What is the polite form? Regular: 飲のませられます, 飲のまされました. The politeness of the ending and the resentment of the construction are independent — you can complain very politely, which is often exactly what people are doing.

How do I say the opposite — that I was allowed to do something? 〜させてもらう or 〜させていただく: 休やすませていただきました ("I was allowed to take time off"). This is the same causative, but received as a favour rather than imposed, and it is everywhere in business Japanese.

Is 〜される always the causative-passive? No — it is also the ordinary passive of する-verbs and of some Group 1 verbs. 注意ちゅういされる is "to be warned" (plain passive), not "to be made to warn." Context and the verb tell you which, and with practice the ambiguity almost never bites.

Why does Japanese have a whole form for this? Because the two ideas it combines — you did it, and you did not want to — are genuinely separate in Japanese grammar and genuinely common in life. English has to use three words and a tone of voice; Japanese has an ending.

Vocabulary from this article

Tap the block to select all of it, then copy. In Anki: File → Import, note type Basic, separator Tab — the first column becomes the front, the second the back.

飲む	のむ — to drink
書く	かく — to write
食べる	たべる — to eat
待つ	まつ — to wait
習う	ならう — to learn (from someone)
読む	よむ — to read
上司	じょうし — boss, superior
お酒	おさけ — alcohol
先生	せんせい — teacher
子供	こども — child
野菜	やさい — vegetables
残業	ざんぎょう — overtime work
呼び出す	よびだす — to call someone in
休み	やすみ — day off, holiday
財布	さいふ — wallet
盗む	ぬすむ — to steal
雨	あめ — rain
課長	かちょう — section chief
手伝う	てつだう — to help
注意	ちゅうい — warning, caution
嫌い	きらい — disliked, hated

I'm Yuuki, a Japanese teacher based in Tokyo. I've taught on italki as a Top 1% teacher and watched over 1,500 anime. Learners meet 待またされた in conversation years before they meet させられる in a textbook, and the fastest way in is to notice that you already know the word — you just did not know it had a name.

Book a trial lesson · $13

Sources: the author's own lessons and standard reference grammars.

More drills like the ones above, plus a timed JLPT-style mock test: Practice · N3

Want to try this in a real conversation?

30-minute trial lesson, $13. Times shown in your own timezone.

Book a trial lesson · $13